Which term relates to the amount of a chemical that is effective in overcoming soil acidity?

The term that relates to the amount of a chemical that is effective in overcoming soil acidity is alkalinity. Alkalinity refers to the capacity of soil or water to neutralize acids; it encompasses the presence of basic compounds that can increase the pH of acidic soils, making them more suitable for plant growth.

When soils are acidic, they can create an environment that is not conducive to plant health, leading to nutrient deficiencies and poor growth performance. The application of alkaline substances, such as lime, can raise the pH levels, effectively countering soil acidity. This is why alkalinity is crucial in managing soil chemistry, making it directly relevant to the process of improving soil conditions.

In contrast, adsorption refers to the process of molecules adhering to a surface, agitation is the act of stirring or shaking, and aeration is about exchanging air in a material. None of these terms pertain to the specific role of neutralizing acidity in soil, which solidifies alkalinity's importance in this context.